The Global Toxoplasmosis Testing Market valued US$ XX million in 2019 and is estimated to reach US$ XX million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 6.4% during the forecast period (2020-2027)
Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. The infection produces a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. T gondii has been recovered from locations throughout the world, except Antarctica. The seroprevalence of T gondii antibodies in the human population varies geographically, with prevalence rates approaching 90% in some European countries, while seropositivity rates in the United States have been estimated to fall between 10% and 15%.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not seem to affect T gondii seropositivity, and there does not appear to be any difference in the rate of toxoplasmosis infection among patients with AIDS with and without cats. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is majorly done by toxoplasmosis serologic profile (TSP) tests which include dye test, indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT), modified agglutination test (MAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),immunoglobulin tests (IgG, IgM, and IgE antibodies tests), and amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences (i.e. PCR), among others.
In infant diagnosis can be performed by procedures such as amniocentesis, and ultrasound scan. Diagnosis can also be made by direct observation of the parasite in stained tissue sections, cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), and blood, but these procedures are less frequently used because of difficulty in obtaining samples.
In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first generic version of the antiparasitic drug Daraprim (pyrimethamine) for the treatment of toxoplasmosis when used with a sulfonamide. The generic version of Daraprim tablets is made by Cerovene Inc.
Market Dynamics
Drivers
- Rising incidences of Toxoplasmosis, along with major consumption of meat, pork, and mutton
- Increase in pet ownership culture especially cat has rise the prevalence of disease
Restraints
- High cost of testing will hamper the market growth in the forecast period
Increase in pet ownership culture especially cat has rise the prevalence of disease
A single cat may shed more than 100 million oocysts (a hardy, thick-walled stage of the life cycle of coccidian parasites which contain Toxoplasmosis), which are non sporulated. These oocysts need between 1 and 5 days to mature and become infective for other hosts, which explains why direct contact with cats is not thought to be a major risk for human infection.
In the United States, an increased risk associated with exposure to kittens was limited to respondents who had 3 or more kittens, thus more likely to be infected through the shedding of oocysts after primary infection.
Infected cats can shed more than 100 million oocysts in their feces. They can infect a wide range of intermediate hosts, virtually all warm-blooded animals, from mammals to birds, when ingested with food or water. In domestic cats, antibodies to T. gondii may be detected in up to 74% of adult cat populations, depending on the type of feeding and whether cats are kept indoors or outdoors. Seroprevalencia are usually higher in stray or feral cats than in cats living in an urban or suburban environment. However, between 9 and 46% of pet cats in Europe, South America, and the USA show serological evidence of past exposure to the parasite, while seroprevalences of T. gondii infections in Asia have been estimated to range between 6 and 9%.
Thus the growing pet ownership culture across the world especially, cats has increased the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis among their pet owners. These factors are driving the growth of the market in the forecast period.
Geographical Analysis
The North America market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% during the forecast period (2020-2027) to reach a market value of USD XX million by 2027. North America is expected to have a significant market share throughout the forecast period. In the United States it is estimated that 11% of the population 6 years and older have been infected with Toxoplasma. In various places throughout the world, it has been shown that more than 60% of some populations have been infected with Toxoplasma. Infection is often highest in areas of the world that have hot, humid climates and lower altitudes, because the oocysts survive better in these types of environments.
In the US, cats play an important role in the spread of toxoplasmosis. They become infected by eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals. The parasite is then passed in the cat’s feces in an oocyst form, which is microscopic. There is a significant number of people in the country who have adopted cats as their pet.
For instance, according to a national pet owners survey, there was a total of approximately 95.6 million cats living in households in the United States in 2017. In the same year, some 68 percent of all U.S. households owned at least one pet. This is the major driver for the growth of the disease in the region.
Kittens and cats can shed millions of oocysts in their feces for as long as 3 weeks after infection. Mature cats are less likely to shed Toxoplasma if they have been previously infected. A Toxoplasma-infected cat that is shedding the parasite in its feces contaminates the litter box. If the cat is allowed outside, it can contaminate the soil or water in the environment as well. Toxoplasmosis is considered to be a leading cause of death attributed to foodborne illness in the United States. More than 40 million men, women, and children in the U.S. carry the Toxoplasma parasite, but very few have symptoms because the immune system usually keeps the parasite from causing illness.
However, women newly infected with Toxoplasma during or shortly before pregnancy and anyone with a compromised immune system should be aware that toxoplasmosis can have severe consequences.
Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the neglected parasitic infections of the United States, a group of five parasitic diseases that have been targeted by CDC for public health action. Furthermore, pharmaceutical companies are focusing on research and development of effective treatments for toxoplasmosis to strengthen their market share in the region. For instance, in February 2020, Cerovene Inc. obtained approval for generic Daraprim (pyrimethamine) tablet for treatment of toxoplasmosis from the U.S. FDA. The drug is used with a combination of sulfonamide for treatment of toxoplasmosis bacterial infection.
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