Nitrification inhibitors are chemical solutions that are intended for reducing nitrification losses in N-fertilizer applied to the soil. Leaching and denitrification of ammonia are key challenges to the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Specific bacterial strains including Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas convert ammonium and urea based fertilizers into nitrate. This process is called nitrification. During this process, significant proportion of nitrogen will leach into groundwater and mix in the atmospheric glasses. These compounds lower the nitrification rate of ammonia, ammonium-containing and urea-containing fertilizers by preserving N as ammonium rather than ammonia that can be leached to soil or nitrous oxide that denitrify as nitrogen gas into the air
There are a wide range of chemical compounds that considerably inhibit the nitrification rate in soil atmosphere. Dicyandiamide (DCD), 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine (Nitrapyrin), 3,4-methylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), Pronitradine and acetylene are used as active ingredients in nitrification inhibitors. DCD and nitrapyrin based products are most widely used in the North America market both in terms of sales volume and dollar sales
However, DCD also has several limitations in its commercial use as nitrification inhibitor. It is very expensive at large scale for use in agricultural activities over other compounds. Also, high application rates and relatively low efficiency are restraints of DCD. The use of nitrification inhibitors is proven to provide significant reduction in leaching and emission losses. Corteva, Inc. (N-Serve), COMPO EXPERT GmbH (NovaTec), Koch Fertilizers LLC (Agrotain Plus) and Conklin Company Inc. (Guardian) are the leading companies in nitrification inhibitors in the U.S. and Canada markets
Rising utilization of nitrogen fertilizers
Increasing volume consumption of nitrogen fertilizers is the primary factor for the growth of the U.S. and Canada nitrification and urease inhibitors market. North America has been a major consumer of nitrogen with large-scale demand form agricultural activities. In 2018, North America accounted for a share of 12.8% in global Nitrogen consumption. The utilization of nitrogen in the form of urea, UAN and ammonia has been witnessing continuous growth in the U.S. and Canada markets. In U.S., the consumption volume of nitrogen is estimated to witness a growth of 4% to reach 8 million tons in 2019. The rising nitrogen utilization in farming activities will boost the sales of efficiency enhancing materials including nitrification and urease inhibitors. Nutrients get constantly depleted with harvesting as crops take nutrients from the soil. This is boosting the nitrogen utilization and thereby will surge the use of nitrification and urease inhibitors.
Expanding infrastructure for production of nitrogen fertilizer
- The lucrative demand for nitrogen fertilizer and large-scale imports in the U.S. is motivating establishment of new production facilities in the country. The increasing domestic production will help lower prices and promote the use of efficiency boosters
- According to The Fertilizer Institute (TFI), fertilizer manufacturers in the U.S. invested USD 3.8 billion annually in capacity expansion during 2015-2017
- In April 2017, OCI Nitrogen B.V. commissioned operations in its new nitrogen fertilizer production plant in Iowa
- CF Industries Holdings, Inc. expanded its nitrogen manufacturing capacity at its Donaldsonville plant
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