The Asia-Pacific e-waste management market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period (2022-2029) to reach a market value of USD XX million by 2029.
Asia Pacific is the dominant region for the global e-waste management market and is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period due to the presence of a huge population with increasing the sale of electronic devices.
According to the International Solid Waste Association Report, the Asia region has generated around 24.9 million tonnes of E-waste due to increasing the adoption of advanced electronic and electrical devices, which propels the demand for replacement of the old device with new followed by North America.
The e-waste management systems found in Asia are rather broad. They range from very advanced e-waste management systems, such as in South Korea, Japan, China, and the province of Taiwan, to informal activities that coexist alongside the advanced recycling system in China but which dominate the e-waste management in the other parts of Asia.
E-waste management in South Asia is largely based on informal sector activities for collection, dismantling, and recycling. Legislation in India has been a driver for the setting up of formal recycling facilities, and there are about 312 authorized recyclers in India, with the capacity for treating around 800 kt per year.
However, the formal recycling capacity remains underutilized, as the majority of the waste is still handled by the informal sector. There are 31 authorized PROs that provide compliance services, including the collection and channelization of e-waste to formal recycling facilities, as well as the administration of awareness campaigns.
China is the world's top e-waste producer, having generated 10.1 Mt of e-waste in 2019. China plays a major role in the global EEE industry for two primary reasons: it is the world's most populous country, so the domestic demand for EEE is very high, and it has a strong EEE manufacturing industry. In addition, China plays a significant role in the refurbishment, reuse, and recycling of e-waste.
Driven by e-waste regulation and the facilities expansion, the formal e-waste recycling industry has shown considerable growth in treatment capacity and quality; more than 70 million e-waste units are dismantled annually (China Ministry of Ecology and Environment 2019).
According to the Chinese government, the actual collection and recycling rate is 40%, but it is important to note that this number only refers to 5 EEE products, as opposed to the 54 EEE products (UNU-Keys) listed in the international e-waste classification. The collection and recycling rate drops to 15% if all 54 products are considered. The informal sector has been dramatically declining due to stricter controls from China’s new environmental law.
The illegal importation of e-waste disappears more expeditiously because of the solid waste ban import policy. However, the increasing gap between fund levies and subsidies is imposing distinct challenges for e-waste funding policy (Zeng et al., 2017).
China has national legislation in force that regulates the collection and treatment of fourteen types of e-waste (i.e., five types, initially, and nine more were later added). The regulated fourteen types of e-waste are televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, personal computers, range hoods, electric water heaters, gas water heaters, fax machines, mobile phones, single-machine telephones, printers, copiers, and monitors. Other countries in East Asia, such as Japan and South Korea, have advanced e-waste regulation.
According to the World Economic Forum 2018, the Chinese Government has set targets of sourcing 20% of raw materials for new electronics products from recycled content and recycling of 50% of electronic waste by 2025.
On the other hand, Taiwan’s (Province of China) e-waste collection and recycling rate had reached around 64% of the products covered by the legislation in 2018. This significant achievement is based on the 4-in-1 recycling system, which focuses on applying the EPR concept to the recycling system.
Taiwan has around 20 e-waste recycling facilities whose capacity is higher than the current domestic e-waste generation; thus, the e-waste recycling business in Taiwan is experiencing several challenges.
Japan relies on a strong legal framework, an advanced collection system, and a developed processing infrastructure. In 2016, under the Act on Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances, Japan collected around 570.3 kt through official channels.
In Central Asia, most of the e-waste generated ends up in landfills or illegal dumping sites.
In the Kazakhstan EPR system, several collection and recycling sites have been set up, but the capacity is not enough to manage the country's entire e-waste. In the whole region, consumers send their discarded electric/electronic devices to small companies, which then dismantle them and reuse certain components.
The government took several measures in order to address the issue. For example, in Uzbekistan, progress was achieved from 2014-2016 by upgrading municipal waste infrastructure, and in 2017, the president launched a five-year programme that focuses on improving waste collection, disposal, and recycling. However, no regulatory measures have been introduced specifically for e-waste.
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