Adrenergic agonists are a type of drug used in anaphylaxis treatment. Adrenergic drugs stimulate the nerves in the body's sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This system helps regulate the body's reaction to stress or emergency. During times of stress, the SNS releases chemical messengers from the adrenal gland. They inhibit the wheal, pruritus, sneezing, and nasal secretion responses that characterize allergy. Antihistamines thus relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions, such as urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Specific precipitants should be sought and if identified, further exposure avoided and desensitization considered. Drowsiness and sedation are particular disadvantages of the older adrenergic agonists, and the patient should be warned against driving or operating machinery. Other central nervous depressants, including alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, anxiolytics, and neuroleptics, may enhance adrenergic agonists' sedative effects. Since antihistamines interfere with allergy skin tests, they should be stopped at least one week before conducting a skin test.
Market Dynamics
Drivers
- Growing incidences of anaphylaxis
- Technological Advancements
Restraints
- Side-effects of anaphylaxis treatment drugs
Market Opportunities
The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in implementing a fresh set of protocols that aim to reduce patient visits to hospitals and clinics in non-emergency conditions to prevent both the transmission of the virus as much as make sure healthcare institutions are not overwhelmed. In this situation, home-use autoinjectors' preference has risen among patients suffering from chronic illnesses and allergies. This also protects vulnerable high-risk populations from exposure to the virus during hospital visits.
Autoinjectors are being developed to support increased viscosity and concentrations of drugs to reduce administration frequency, thus increasing adherence to recommended drug protocols. These factors present an opportunity for the growth of the autoinjectors market in the current COVID-19 scenario. EpiPen, the leading brand of epinephrine autoinjectors to treat anaphylaxis, has been in short supply since late 2017. With no end in sight, other manufacturers have rolled out their own epinephrine injectors. Anaphylaxis is most often a reaction to foods, insect stings, latex, and medications. The first line of treatment for anaphylaxis is intramuscular epinephrine, most frequently seen in auto-injectors. Available brand names include Adrenaclick, Auvi-Q, and EpiPen. There are several generic alternatives, as well.
Geographical Analysis
North America is growing at a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period (2020-2027).
Many allergic populations and reported cases of anaphylaxis in the U.S. are the primary factors driving regional growth. Rising awareness towards allergic diagnosis and anaphylaxis treatment have contributed to a significant market in the region. The U.S. is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of allergies, particularly food allergies. According to Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) statistics, over 50 million Americans experience various types of allergies every year, and allergies are considered the 6th major cause of illness in the country. The incidence of anaphylaxis is reported in the country at nearly 200,000 per year in 2019, and AAFA estimates that over 16 million Americans are likely to experience anaphylaxis in their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence is estimated between 0.5% and 2% in the country. This is propelling the sales of epinephrine, thus driving the growth of the anaphylaxis market.
The country has been witnessing a large number of new product launches in the anaphylaxis treatment domain. For instance,
- Denmark-based ALK-Abelló A/S launched its epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector in 2019, marking its entry into the U.S. anaphylaxis treatment market.
- In July 2019, Sandoz Inc. announced the retail launch of its SYMJEPI epinephrine injection in the U.S. market. Available in both pediatric and adult doses, the drug is made available in hospitals and clinics in early 2019
- In November 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals launched its FDA-approved generic version of epinephrine injection in the U.S. market. The cost for a two-pack injection is USD 300 in the U.S.
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