Direct evaporative air cooling is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of evaporative cooling. The fan in the system pulls hot air through a dampened sponge-like pad and distributes the resulting cool air to the interior space either directly or through ducts. Warm, dry air is converted to cool, moist air as the air's heat evaporates the water.
The direct evaporative cooling market is likely to reach USD 3,439.92 million in 2027, from its recorded value of USD 2,221.38 million in 2019, growing with a CAGR of 5.83% the forecast period.
It is considered that these evaporative coolants are expected to hold a small niche market, majorly in the southern part of the United States, where relative humidity during July noon is higher than 40%. The direct evaporative cooling systems are suitable for applications with large heat-load removal needs and those that are open to using outside air to accomplish this. Their applications' major areas include residential sectors, commercial kitchens, and warehouses where comfort requirements are more relaxed. Hence, the system requirement depends majorly on the end-users and the specified operational performance requirements. Residential evaporative coolers are significant of the direct type. However, some indirect systems are also used.
Market Dynamics
Drivers
- Demand for cost-effective cooling solutions
- Adoption of evaporative coolers in data centers
Restraints
- Dependency on external climate
- The requirement of the large quantity of water
The spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to the temporary shutdown of manufacturing and industrial plants and construction activities. The demand for evaporative cooling is expected to be impacted in the upcoming years. According to a survey carried out by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), as an effect of COVID-19, construction activity is expected to fall in 2020, and this will likely continue in 2021. Construction activities related to hotels are predicted to fall by over 20% in 2020, by almost 8% in the retail sector, by over 11% in offices, by nearly 7% in education, and by 13% in the case of recreational/amusement establishments. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic, several facilities in the U.S. have been halted due to moderate supply chain disruptions. The total number of data center construction projects identified was over 135. Among them, around 95 projects became operational in 2019. The COVID-19 Pandemic is likely to affect several U.S. projects during 2020. As manufacturing plants closed or reduced operation and staff were put on furlough, it caused logistical challenges and disrupted distributor/contractor activities, which vastly reduced inventories and the ability to serve customers on time. Nevertheless, a warm summer with above-average temperatures sustained replacement demand and increased spending on home improvement. The light commercial market has been disrupted more severely, which affected direction. Business closures, the retail and hospitality industries' crisis, fall in demand for renovations of education facilities, postponement or cancellation of projects have curtailed market demand.
Geographical Analysis
The North American evaporative cooling market was valued at USD 1,457.31 million in 2019, at a CAGR of 4.30% over the forecast period 2020 - 2027.
The North American region has been witnessing an increasing number of initiatives for sustainable energy management. Therefore, traditional air conditioning is not a feasible option. This factor drives the popularity of evaporative cooling, which is fast becoming the most efficient option for cooling large areas or open spaces. Evaporative cooling enables firms to gain cooling benefits without adverse effects on the environment. It has become imperative for firms to adopt sustainable practices for their production and HVAC operations to mitigate environmental pollution risks. Various government standards have been implemented in the region, specifically, in the United States, for efficient energy use across commercial and industrial sectors, with evaporative cooling techniques. Therefore, Natural Resources Canada is considering increasing the minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for evaporative-cooled products to align with the MEPS in the United States for those classes of products. As evaporative cooling uses a natural process, namely the reduction of air temperature by evaporating water on it, they are the preferred alternative over the traditional cooling technologies. Evaporative coolers offer several benefits to end-users, including energy savings, cost-effectiveness, low maintenance, and operational requirements. Besides being multifunctional (can be used in an open environment for cooling, air purification, and ventilation).
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