Covid-19 Impacts on Anaphylaxis Treatment Market

COVID-19 is causing a dramatic mismatch of supply and demand that manufacturers are struggling to forecast. On the supply side, manufacturing and supply chain processes in hubs such as China, India, and the United States are being disrupted due to global lockdowns.

On the demand side, conflated factors make demand difficult to predict. On one hand, patients delay seeking treatment, particularly for less convenient administration methods such as infusions, which can lead to lower patient volume and overall demand. 

On the other hand, stockpiling and demand for subcutaneous or oral formulations may cause a spike in demand for certain products despite decreasing patient volume. 

Although all manufacturers are working to mitigate the risk of supply shortages, biosimilar manufacturers that rely on facilities in Europe and Asia may be particularly at risk on the supply side.

In addition, delays in drug approvals and clinical trials are likely to be delayed due to challenges managing protocols, de-prioritization in favor of more immediate acute care needs, and patients’ inability to travel to appointments. Beyond the logistics and prioritization challenges, manufacturers run the risk of trial participants contracting the disease, which leads to poorer outcomes. 

The pandemic has a positive impact on autoinjectors. The demand for effective home care and remote monitoring has increased the relevance of autoinjectors for patients to conveniently and easily manage chronic illnesses and allergies without visiting the hospital. This has been especially true in the case of diabetes, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis patients relying on prefilled syringes and autoinjectors to manage their condition at home.

In May 2020, two injectable medications, epinephrine and morphine sulfate were added to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) guidances on drugs that can be compounded by registered outsourcing facilities and some smaller compounders if they are used for patients hospitalized with the novel coronavirus COVID-19.

However, on October 15th 2020, the Food and Drug Administration removed epinephrine from the lists of drugs authorized for temporary compounding during the COVID-19 public health emergency by outsourcing facilities and state-licensed pharmacies or federal facilities not registered as outsourcing facilities.

The FDA said epinephrine’s removal is based on increased supplies of FDA-approved epinephrine products used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

On 8th December 2020, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) received reports that two individuals experienced an anaphylactic reaction. The individuals concerned received prompt treatment and are recovering well. The MHRA is investigating these cases and will provide further updates as required.

The MHRA subsequently issued the following advice:

Any person with a history of immediate-onset anaphylaxis to a vaccine, medicine or food should not receive the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. A second dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine should not be given to those who have experienced anaphylaxis to the first dose of Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination.

Vaccine recipients should be monitored for 15 minutes after vaccination, with a longer observation period when indicated after clinical assessment.

A protocol for the management of anaphylaxis and an anaphylaxis pack must always be available whenever the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is given. Immediate treatment should include early treatment with 0.5mg intramuscular adrenaline (0.5ml of 1:1000 or 1mg/ml adrenaline), with an early call for help and further IM adrenaline every 5 minutes. The health professionals overseeing the immunisation service must be trained to recognise an anaphylactic reaction and be familiar with techniques for resuscitation of a patient with anaphylaxis.

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